United States Republican Party

The Republican party (often GOP for Grand Old Party) is a United States
political party that was organized in Ripon, Wisconsin on February 28, 1854,
as a party against the expansion of slavery. It is not to be confused with
the Democratic-Republican party of Thomas Jefferson. The first convention of
the U.S. Republican Party was held on July 6, 1854, in Jackson, Michigan.
Many of its initial policies were inspired by the defunct Whig Party. Since
its inception, its chief opponent has been the United States Democratic
Party.

John C. FrŽmont ran as the first Republican for President in 1856, using the
political slogan: "Free soil, free labor, free speech, free men, Fremont."

The party of Lincoln was originally characterized by its opposition to the
expansion of slavery. During the Reconstruction era, the Republicans
benefitted from the Democrats' association with the Confederacy and
dominated national politics virtually without opposition for several years.
With the two-term presidency of Ulysses S. Grant, the party became known for
its strong advocacy of commerce, industry, and veterans' rights, which
continued through the end of the 19th century.

The assassination of William McKinley and subsequent ascendance of Theodore
Roosevelt lead to a brief dominance of Progressivism for the party. However,
that gave way to the laissez faire economic policies of the 1920s with
Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. Following Hoover's
sound defeat by Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1932, the Republican Party was
driven into the opposition for two decades. The Republicans finally regained
the presidency in 1952 with the election of the former Supreme Allied
Commander Dwight Eisenhower.

The party was still split between a conservative wing (dominant in the
western U.S.) and a liberal wing (dominant in the northeastern U.S.). The
seeds of conservative dominance in the Republican party were planted in the
nomination of Barry Goldwater over Nelson Rockefeller as the Republican
candidate for the 1964 presidential election. Goldwater represented the
conservative wing of the party, while Rockefeller represented the liberal wing.

The party's current position as firmly to the right of the Democrats was
cemented by the "Southern strategy" employed by Richard Nixon in the 1968
presidential election, followed by the Goldwater-inspired candidacy and
election of Ronald Reagan in the 1980 election. Today, "conservative" and
"Republican" are practically synonymous. In 1994, the Republicans took
control of the House of Representatives for the first time in decades. They
also won control of the Senate, which had changed hands several times in the
previous decades.

After the 1994 sweep of Congress by the Republicans, the GOP began to engage
in supporting major reforms of government with measures such as a balanced
budget amendment and welfare reform. These measures and others formed the
famous, "Contract with America" which was passed by Congress, but with a
Democrat, Bill Clinton, as President, only certain provisions such as
welfare reform were enacted after bitter fighting.

With the election of George W. Bush in 2000, the Republican party controlled
both the presidency and both houses of Congress for the first time since
1952.

The official symbol of the Republican Party is the elephant.

Republican Party Presidents:

  1. Abraham Lincoln (1861-1865)
  2. Ulysses S. Grant (1869-1877)
  3. Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)
  4. James Garfield (1881)
  5. Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885)
  6. Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)
  7. William McKinley (1897-1901)
  8. Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)
  9. William Howard Taft (1909-1913)
 10. Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)
 11. Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)
 12. Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)
 13. Dwight Eisenhower (1953-1961)
 14. Richard Nixon (1969-1974)
 15. Gerald R. Ford (1974-1977)
 16. Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
 17. George H. W. Bush (1989-1993)
 18. George W. Bush (2001-present)

Presidential candidates:

   * John C. Fremont (Lost: 1856)
   * Abraham Lincoln (Won: 1860, 1864)
   * Ulysses S. Grant (Won: 1868, 1872)
   * Rutherford B. Hayes (Won: 1876)
   * James Garfield (Won: 1880)
   * James G. Blaine (Lost: 1884)
   * Benjamin Harrison (Won: 1888, Lost: 1892)
   * William McKinley (Won: 1896, 1900)
   * Theodore Roosevelt (Won: 1904)
   * William Howard Taft (Won: 1908, Lost: 1912)
   * Charles Evans Hughes (Lost: 1916)
   * Warren G. Harding (Won: 1920)
   * Calvin Coolidge (Won: 1924)
   * Herbert Hoover (Won: 1928, Lost: 1932)
   * Alfred M. Landon (Lost: 1936)
   * Wendell L. Wilkie (Lost: 1940)
   * Thomas Dewey (Lost: 1944, 1948)
   * Dwight D. Eisenhower (Won: 1952, 1956)
   * Richard M. Nixon (Lost: 1960, Won: 1968, Won: 1972)
   * Barry Goldwater (Lost: 1964)
   * Gerald R. Ford (Lost: 1976)
   * Ronald Reagan (Won: 1980, 1984)
   * George H. W. Bush (Won: 1988, Lost: 1992)
   * Bob Dole (Lost: 1996)
   * George W. Bush (Won: 2000)

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