January 9

January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are
356 days remaining (357 in leap years).

Events

   * 1760 - Afghans defeat Marathas in Battle of Barari Ghat
   * 1768 - Philip Astley stages the first modern circus (London)
   * 1788 - Connecticut becomes the fifth state to join the United States
   * 1793 - Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a balloon in
     the United States
   * 1806 - Lord Horatio Nelson is buried in St. Paul's Cathedral
   * 1839 - The French Academy of Science announces the Daguerreotype
     photography process.
   * 1861 - Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union,
     preceding the American Civil War.
   * 1878 - Humbert I becomes King of Italy
   * 1894 - New England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first
     battery-operated telephone switchboard in Lexington, Massachusetts
   * 1894 - William Kennedy Laurie Dickson copyrights the first motion
     picture
   * 1912 - Marines invade Honduras
   * 1923 - Juan de la Cierva makes first autogiro flight
   * 1929 - The Seeing Eye is established with the mission to train dogs to
     assist the blind (Nashville, Tennessee).
   * 1937 - The first issue of Look magazine goes on sale in the United
     States.
   * 1945 - The United States invades Luzon in the Philippines
   * 1951 - United Nations headquarters officially opens in New York City.
   * 1956 - First "Dear Abby" column appears in newspapers
   * 1960 - Construction of the Aswan Dam begins in Egypt
   * 1972 - RMS Queen Elizabeth is destroyed by fire (Hong Kong harbor).
   * 1984 - Clara Peller is featured in the "Where's the Beef?" commercial
     campaign for Wendy's Restaurants for the first time.
   * 1986 - After losing a patent battle with Polaroid, Kodak leaves the
     instant camera business.
   * 1991 - The Soviets storm Vilnius to stop Lithuanian independence.
   * 1991 - Pete Rose is banned from the Baseball Hall of Fame
   * 1995 - Valeri Poliakov completes 366 days in space while aboard the Mir
     space station, breaking a duration record.
   * 1996 - Sun Microsystems announced the formation of JavaSoft
   * 2002 - The United States Department of Justice announces it is going to
     pursue a criminal investigation of Enron.

Births

   * 1554 - Gregory XV, Pope (+ 1623)
   * 1574 - Christoph Buel, composer
   * 1620 - Johann Weichmann, composer
   * 1695 - John E Loovens, lawyer
   * 1699 - Robert J Pothier, French lawyer
   * 1728 - Thomas Warton, poet laureate of England
   * 1748 - Stefan Paluselli, composer
   * 1790 - Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom, Swedish poet
   * 1811 - Gilbert Abbott a Beckett, writer
   * 1815 - William Jackson, composer
   * 1820 - Pavel Krizkovsky, composer
   * 1829 - Thomas William Robertson, English playwright
   * 1829 - Adolf von Schlagintweit, German explorer
   * 1839 - John Knowles Paine, composer
   * 1843 - Christiaan A Ulder, composer
   * 1851 - Giuseppi Gallignani, composer
   * 1851 - Luis Coloma, Spanish Jesuit writer, theologian
   * 1856 - Anton Askerc, priest, poet
   * 1856 - Lizette Woodworth Reese, poet
   * 1856 - Stevan Mokranjac, composer
   * 1857 - Henry B. Fuller, writer
   * 1859 - Carrie Lane Chapman Catt, women's rights leader, founder of the
     League of Women Voters
   * 1859 - Frederik Pijper, Dutch vicar, church historian
   * 1864 - Vladimir Andreevich Steklov, Russian mathematician
   * 1866 - Albert Baertsoen, Flemish painter, etcher
   * 1867 - Jacques Urlus, Dutch opera singer
   * 1870 - Joseph B Strauss, civil engineer, builder of the Golden Gate
     Bridge
   * 1873 - Hayyim Nahman Bialik, Hebrew poet, translator
   * 1875 - Gertrude Whitney, sculptor (+ 1942)
   * 1876 - Hans Bethge, writer
   * 1879 - John Broadus Watson, behaviorist psychologist
   * 1881 - Lascelles Abercrombie, English poet, critic
   * 1881 - Giovanni Papini, Italian, writer
   * 1890 - Karel Capek, Czech writer (+ 1938)
   * 1890 - Kurt Tucholsky, German journalist, writer, satirist, social
     critic (+ 1935)
   * 1891 - August Gailit, Estonian, writer
   * 1894 - Henryk Stazewski, Polish abstract painter, graphic artist
   * 1897 - Luis Gianneo, composer
   * 1898 - Gracie Fields, English music hall/vaudeville performer (+ 1979)
   * 1899 - Alexander Tcherepnin, composer
   * 1900 - Joseph Frederick Wagner, composer
   * 1901 - Chic Young, cartoonist (Blondie) (+ 1973)
   * 1902 - Rudolph Bing, opera manager (New York Metropolitan Opera)
   * 1904 - George Balanchine, dancer, choreographer, ballet producer (+
     1983) (O.S.)
   * 1908 - Simone de Beauvoir, author (+ 1986)
   * 1911 - Richard Selwyn Francis Schiling, professor of occupational
     health
   * 1911 - Stafford William Somerfield, British newspaper editor
   * 1912 - Ralph Tubbs, architect
   * 1913 - Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (+ 1994)
   * 1913 - Lavad 'Dr Hepcat' Durst, musician
   * 1913 - Peter John Norton, diplomat, artist
   * 1914 - Kenny (Klook) Clarke, jazz drummer, composer
   * 1914 - Gypsy Rose Lee, burlesque actress
   * 1915 - Fernando Lamas, actor (+ 1982)
   * 1915 - Les Paul, guitarist, inventor
   * 1916 - Vic Mizzy, orchestra leader
   * 1917 - Herbert Lom, actor
   * 1921 - Seymour Barab, composer
   * 1921 - Patricia Highsmith, American novelist
   * 1922 - Ahmed SŽkou TourŽ, President of Guinea
   * 1922 - Har Gobind Khorana, biochemist (1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology
     or Medicine)
   * 1924 - Juli‡n B Coco, guitarist, bassist
   * 1925 - Lee Van Cleef, actor (+ 1989)
   * 1925 - Abdelhamid Benhadugah, novelist
   * 1928 - Judith Krantz, author
   * 1928 - Domenico Modugno, musician
   * 1929 - Heiner Muller, dramatist (+ 1995)
   * 1931 - Algis Budrys, science fiction author
   * 1931 - Geoffrey Wragg, British reorganizer
   * 1933 - Sonia Garmers, author
   * 1934 - Bart Starr, American football star
   * 1935 - Bob Denver, actor
   * 1935 - Dick Enberg, sportscaster
   * 1935 - Kenneth 'Buddy' Scott, blues guitarist, singer
   * 1936 - Peter Fletcher, music teacher
   * 1937 - K Schlesinger, writer
   * 1937 - Judith Krantz, author
   * 1938 - Aad Kosto, theologian, actor, assistant Secretary of Justice of
     the Netherlands
   * 1940 - Jimmy Boyd, actor, singer
   * 1940 - Barbara Buczek, composer
   * 1941 - Joan Baez, folk music singer, activist
   * 1941 - Susannah York, actress
   * 1943 - Dick Yount, rock musician
   * 1943 - Kenneth Kelley, American singer
   * 1943 - Rob Hoeke, pianist, singer
   * 1944 - Scott Engel, singer
   * 1944 - Jimmy Page, rock musician, guitarist ("Led Zeppelin")
   * 1945 - Frank J. Biondi Jr., president of HBO
   * 1945 - Harun Farocki, actor, director
   * 1946 - Leo Gullotta, actor
   * 1948 - Paul King, musician (Blue Oyster Cult)
   * 1950 - David Johansen (Buster Poindexter),singer
   * 1950 - Rio Reiser, singer
   * 1951 - Crystal Gayle, country music singer
   * 1951 - Rosalyn Kind, , singer
   * 1952 - Eveline L Herfkens, Dutch MP (PvdA)
   * 1954 - Lance Hoppens, musician
   * 1956 - David Smith, cricket player
   * 1962 - Phil Lewis, musician
   * 1965 - Carin Garbarra, football player
   * 1965 - Cindy Brooks, rower
   * 1965 - Joely Richardson, actress
   * 1967 - Dave Matthews, singer, musician
   * 1968 - Jimmy Adams, cricket player
   * 1974 - Craig Wishart, cricketer
   * 1978 - AJ McLean, singer ("Backstreet Boys")
   * 2002 - Morgan Kay Beamer, daughter of Todd Beamer, who died on United
     Airlines flight 93

Deaths

   * 1283 - Wu Tian Xiang Chinese patriot, executed in Beijing.
   * 1324 - Marco Polo, explorer
   * 1499 - Johan Cicero, elector of Brandenburg
   * 1677 - Aernout van der Neer, cartoonist, landscape painter
   * 1679 - Werner Fabricius, composer
   * 1798 - Pedro Pablo Abarca d Bolea, Spanish officer
   * 1828 - Pieter Hoen, Dutch journalist, patriot
   * 1843 - Caroline Herschel, astronomer
   * 1849 - Jan Kops, agriculturist, vicar
   * 1853 - Juan N Gallego, Spanish poet, interpreter
   * 1854 - Filippo Traetta, composer
   * 1863 - Ferdinand Huber, composer
   * 1873 - Emperor Napoleon III of France
   * 1878 - King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
   * 1879 - Don Joaquin BF Espartero, Field Marshal, viceroy of Navarre
   * 1886 - Jakob Eduard Schmolzer, composer
   * 1893 - Mohara, slave trader
   * 1902 - Gustaaf Rolin-Jaequemyns, lawyer, Interior Minister of Belgium
   * 1904 - Alfred Richard, cricketer
   * 1908 - Abraham Goldfaden, Yiddish stage performer
   * 1908 - Wilhelm Busch, writer
   * 1911 - Edwin Arthur Jones, composer
   * 1923 - Katherine Mansfield, writer
   * 1927 - Houston S Chamberlain, race theorist
   * 1929 - Heiner Mźller, writer
   * 1930 - Edward W Buck, editor (Ladies Home Journal)
   * 1931 - Claude Anet, French writer
   * 1936 - John Gilbert, actor
   * 1939 - Johann Strauss III, conductor
   * 1941 - Ko Boezeman, Dutch resistance fighter
   * 1943 - Robin Collingwood, philosopher
   * 1946 - Countee Cullen, poet
   * 1947 - Karl Mannheim, sociologist
   * 1947 - Lambertus Zijl, sculptor
   * 1949 - Amilcare Zanella, composer
   * 1953 - Hans Aanrud, Norwegian author (Storken)
   * 1957 - Mary Carr Moore, composer
   * 1958 - Paul Fechter, German writer, historian
   * 1959 - Paul Malengreau, composer
   * 1962 - LeRoy B Shield, pianist, composer
   * 1966 - Haro Levoni Step'anyan, composer
   * 1968 - Louis-FranŤois-Marie Aubert, composer
   * 1969 - Ladislav Vycpalek, composer
   * 1972 - Ted Shawn, dancer
   * 1975 - John Slater, actor
   * 1975 - Pierre Fresnay, actor
   * 1977 - Alexey Kozlovsky, composer
   * 1978 - Eddie Gilbert, cricketer
   * 1979 - Avery Claflin, composer
   * 1979 - Sara Carter, singer, guitarist
   * 1981 - Kazimierz Serocki, composer
   * 1984 - Wolfgang Staudte, director
   * 1985 - Don Brennan, cricketer
   * 1992 - Steve Brodie, actor
   * 1992 - William JF Naughton, playwright
   * 1994 - Silas Hogan, blues singer, guitarist,
   * 1995 - Peter Cook, actor. satirist, writer, comedian
   * 1995 - Souphanouvong, President of Laos
   * 1996 - Mary Nadia Wadia, actress
   * 1996 - Kurt Schmucker, Minister of Economy of Germany
   * 1996 - Michael Lynn Synar, politician
   * 1997 - Edward Osobka-Morawski, Prime Minister of Poland
   * 1997 - Jesse White, actor
   * 1997 - Junaidu ibn Buhari, scholar
   * 1998 - Kenichi Fukui, Nobel Prize for Chemistry, (1981)

Holidays and observances

   * 1788 - Ratification Day in Connecticut
   * 1964 - Memorial day of Patriotic Panamanians for the Panama Canal
     (Martyrs' Day/Dia de los Martires)
   * Roman Catholic - Feast of St Adrian
   * Eastern Orthodox - Feast of Saint Theophan the Recluse

Sport

   * 1977 - Super Bowl XI Oakland Raiders defeat Minnesota Vikings, 32-14

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