Component video

Component video is a video signal that is broken down into separate
channels. This is opposed to a composite video signal which has been encoded
into one signal. NTSC and PAL video signals are composite video signals.

Most component video signals are a variation of the red, green and blue
signals that make up a television image. A component signal can be the three
discrete R, G & B signals sent down three cables or R-Y, B-Y and Y,
delivered the same way. Y is the green channel and carries the luminance
information. Therefore, R-Y is the red component minus the luminance
information and B-Y is the blue component minus the luminance information.
See YUV and YIQ for more information on this color space.

Component digital video signals are sometimes referred to as 4:2:2, meaning
that in an 8-bit environment, 4 bits are dedicated to the Y component while
2 bits each are dedicated to the B & R components. The luminance or Y
channel carries most of the image detail and is, therefore, assigned more
bits.

S-Video is also considered a component signal, dividing the luminance and
chromanance or color channels into two components.

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