Quinine

Quinine, C20H24N2O2, is a natural alkaloid having antipyretic, antimalarial
and analgesic properties. It was formerly used in the prevention of malaria
until supplanted by its derivatives quinacrine, chloroquine, and primaquine.

It was derived from the bark of the Cinchona, a Peruvian tree. Quinine was
isolated in 1820 and synthesis was achieved in 1944.

Excessive use of quinine may cause cinchonism (see Side Effects) and even death.

Quinine is a flavour component of tonic water. According to tradition, the
bitter taste of antimalarial quinine tonic led British colonials in India to
mix it with gin, thus creating the Gin and Tonic cocktail.

However, if this was the case, today's refreshing gin & tonic is a rather
different drink from theirs: The quantity of quinine in a glass of
modern-day tonic water is a tiny fraction of that formerly used in treating malaria.

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