Amnesia

Amnesia is a condition in which memory is disturbed. The causes of amnesia
are organic or functional. Organic causes include damage to the brain,
through trauma or disease, or use of certain (generally sedative) drugs.
Functional causes are psychological factors, such as defense mechanisms.
Hysterical post-traumatic amnesia is an example of this. Amnesia may also be
spontaneous, in the case of transient global amnesia. This global type of
amnesia is more common in middle-aged to elderly people, particularly males,
and usually lasts less than 24 hours.

Amnesia can be temporary. As someone recovers, older memories will generally
return first. The memories of the event that caused the amnesia are often
never recalled.

Treatment varies according to the type of amnesia and the cause of the
problem. Sufferers of amnesia should seek medical attention.

Types of Amnesia

   * In anterograde amnesia, new events are not transferred to long-term
     memory, so the sufferer will not be able to remember anything that
     occurs after the onset of this type of amnesia. The opposite of this is
     retrograde amnesia, where someone will be unable to recall events that
     occurred before the onset of amnesia.

   * Fugue amnesia is also known as emotional or hysterical amnesia. It is
     caused by psychological trauma and is usually temporary.

   * Lacunar amnesia is the loss of memory about one specific event.

   * Memory loss caused by alcoholism is known as the Korsakoff syndrome.
     This is caused by brain damage due to a Vitamin B1 deficiency and will
     be progressive if alcohol intake and nutrition pattern are not
     modified. It will usually improve little over time even if they are.
     Other neurological problems are likely to be present.

   * Posthypnotic amnesia is where events during [[[hypnosis]] are
     forgotten, or where past memories are unable to be recalled.

   * Traumatic amnesia is generally due to a head injury (fall, knock on the
     head).

   * Childhood amnesia is the common inability to remember events from your
     own childhood. Whilst Sigmund Freud attributed this to sexual
     repression, others have theorised that this may be due to language
     development or immature parts of the brain.

   * Global amnesia is total memory loss. This may be a defence mechanism
     which occurs after a traumatic event.

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